Multiple myeloma is a type of blood cancer that affects plasma cells in the bone marrow. While some cancers make themselves known with overt symptoms, multiple myeloma can sneak up silently, disguising itself as everyday aches or fatigue. Recognizing the early signs can be critical to getting diagnosed early and starting treatment.
Here’s what to look out for — and why so many people miss it.
1. Unusual Fatigue That Doesn't Improve
Fatigue is one of the most common early signs of multiple myeloma. But this isn’t just “I didn’t get enough sleep” tired — it’s a deeper exhaustion that doesn’t improve with rest. Often caused by anemia (low red blood cell count), this kind of fatigue can creep in slowly and become your “new normal” before you realize something is wrong.
2. Bone Pain, Especially in the Back or Ribs
Multiple myeloma affects bones directly. People often experience persistent bone pain, particularly in the spine or chest. It might start as stiffness or a dull ache and worsen over time. Many mistake it for age-related issues or overexertion. But if the pain persists or intensifies, especially without injury, it’s worth investigating.
3. Frequent Infections or Illnesses
Plasma cells play a key role in the immune system. When multiple myeloma disrupts them, the body’s ability to fight infection weakens. If you’re finding yourself getting sick more often than usual — colds that linger, sinus infections that return, or minor illnesses that hit harder — this could be a red flag.
4. Unexplained Weight Loss
Unexpected weight loss without a change in diet or exercise can be a warning sign of many conditions, including multiple myeloma. When combined with other symptoms like fatigue or pain, it becomes even more concerning. This isn’t about a few pounds — it’s often more noticeable, steady loss over time.
5. Numbness or Tingling in the Hands and Feet
High levels of abnormal proteins in the blood can affect nerves. This may lead to neuropathy — a tingling, numbness, or burning sensation, often in the extremities. Some patients also report muscle weakness or coordination issues. It’s one of the sneakier symptoms that may be blamed on diabetes or circulation problems.
6. Increased Thirst or Frequent Urination
Kidney function can be affected early in multiple myeloma, leading to symptoms that mimic dehydration or diabetes. Excessive thirst, especially paired with frequent urination and fatigue, can be a sign that your kidneys aren’t filtering properly. These signs shouldn’t be ignored.
What to Do If You're Concerned
If you’re experiencing several of these symptoms — even mildly — it’s worth talking to your doctor. A simple blood test or imaging scan can help detect abnormalities early. Multiple myeloma isn’t common, but catching it early can significantly improve treatment outcomes.
Final Thought
Because multiple myeloma symptoms often resemble common ailments, it’s easy to overlook them. But awareness is power. Listening to your body and acting on patterns — not just isolated events — could make a life-changing difference.