Most of us trust that the medications we take are helping—not hurting—our health. But some prescription drugs and prescription medications have been linked to causing lymphoma.
Understanding the Link Between Medications and Lymphoma
Lymphoma is a type of cancer that affects the lymphatic system, particularly B cells, which are white blood cells responsible for fighting infection. Some medications—especially those that suppress the immune system—can interfere with normal B cell function or increase inflammation in ways that may trigger abnormal cell growth.
While having a risk factor does not guarantee you’ll develop lymphoma, being informed allows you to monitor symptoms early and have productive conversations with your doctor.
Medications Potentially Linked to Lymphoma
Below are some categories of medications that have been studied for potential links to lymphoma. Always consult your healthcare provider before making changes to your prescription plan.
1. Immunosuppressants
These are often prescribed after organ transplants or to treat autoimmune conditions like rheumatoid arthritis or lupus.
Drugs to watch:
Azathioprine (Imuran)
Cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune)
Mycophenolate mofetil (CellCept)
These drugs lower your immune system’s activity, which may increase vulnerability to certain cancers, including large B-cell lymphoma.
2. TNF Inhibitors and Biologics
Used to treat inflammatory conditions like Crohn’s disease, psoriasis, and rheumatoid arthritis.
Common names:
Infliximab (Remicade)
Etanercept (Enbrel)
Adalimumab (Humira)
Some studies have shown a slightly increased risk of lymphoma, particularly in long-term or high-dose use, especially in younger patients or those already immunocompromised.
3. Certain Chemotherapy and Cancer Drugs
Ironically, some cancer treatments—especially older regimens—can slightly raise the risk of secondary cancers, including lymphoma.
Examples:
Alkylating agents (like cyclophosphamide)
Certain targeted therapies
This is more common in long-term survivors of other cancers, especially those who had aggressive treatment during childhood or early adulthood.
Symptoms to Watch For
If you take any of the above medications, it doesn’t mean you should panic—but it’s smart to stay alert to early signs of lymphoma, which include:
Swollen lymph nodes (especially in neck, armpit, or groin)
Fatigue that doesn’t improve with rest
Night sweats or unexplained fevers
Sudden weight loss
Persistent itching or skin changes
Swelling in legs (can be a sign of lymphoma in the lower body)